Figure2A and 2B illustrate PM2.5 exposure by types of power plants. Some of the highest-polluting natural gas power plants emit over 100 tons of NOx per year, which is roughly equivalent to the NOx emissions from traveling 11 million miles(assuming an emissions rate of 8.18 grams of NOx per mile) in a diesel school bus, one of the most-polluting types of vehicles. J The national average for each demographic is shown in parentheses. Many fossil fuel-fired power plants (especially coal-fired power plants) have announced plans to retire, based on data collected by the Energy Information Administration (EIA). Some places in the country, however, still have setbacks for homes that are less then 300 feet. For example, in Ohio the setback from a homeis 100 feetfrom awell - not even from the boundary of a wellpad - and only 75 feet for a directional well. The fact of the matter is that natural gas power plants still produce a significant amount of air pollution, and thats a problem. and a University of Florida Graduate School fellowship (S.H.). Short, timely articles with graphics on energy, facts, issues, and trends. Prenatal exposure was assigned to each birth as the average daily PM2.5 concentration over the first trimester for the grid in which it falls. Gouveia et al. International energy information, including overviews, rankings, data, and analyses. When stratified by type of plants in order to compare birth outcomes among women who lived close to or farther from different types of power plants, our data showed that solid waste plants had associations with all adverse birth outcomes. The impurities in wellhead natural gas determine the number of stages and the processes required to produce pipeline-quality, dry natural gas. Cons. Notethat this applies to the site boundary, not to theactual well site.". LT T The failure of a single dam on the Ru River in China caused an estimated 171,000 deaths. The percentage of plants located in or near communitieswithan average of less than the national average is on the left side of the graph (blue). Krewski S The map displays all fossil fuel-fired power plants that supply electricity to the grid. et al. The CSB is trying to devise better safety codes for gas blows, but has yet to identify them. Cifuentes DM Furthermore, our data also showed that proximity to coal and solid waste plants was also correlated to higher PM2.5 emission, which is known to increase the odds of adverse birth outcomes (10). JI Please click here to see any active alerts. The mandated distance from an industrial facility to a home or other sensitive area is called a "setback." For example, higher exposure to sulfur dioxide has been linked to PTD among singleton births (28) and decreased term birth weight (29). et al. These Experts Are Racing to Protect AI From Hackers. X Because there was evidence of spatial clustering of power plants, distance from power plants may not be the best measure of exposure. HUD goes further and states that "Operating and abandoned oil and gas wells pose potentialhazards to housing, in Ohio the setback from a homeis 100 feet, Northeast Ohio Gas Accountability Project. Moreover, these associations showed an exposure-response relationship with closer residents having the higher odds. In fact, the rise of natural gas to become the leading U.S. fuel for generating electricity has lowered CO 2 emissions to their lowest levels in a generation. We are a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. Therefore, we were not able to account for local variation smaller than this spatial resolution. Wellhead natural gas may contain contaminants and hydrocarbon gas liquids (HGLs) that must be removed before the natural gas can be safely transported through high-pressure, long-distance pipelines to consumers. et al. This association remained consistent in our analyses for total number of power plants within a 20 km radius and stratified analyses for different types of power plants. In his role, he leads research and advocacy efforts in California and other Western states to advance the transition to a less polluting and less carbon-intensive energy system. Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; LBW, low birth weight; OR, odds ratio; PM2.5, particulate matter less than 2.5 m in diameter; PTD, preterm delivery; SD, standard deviation; VPTD, very preterm delivery. The lack of a positive association could be explained by the fact that, compared with other types of plants, nuclear plants do not emit as many atmospheric pollutants in high concentrations (e.g., PM2.5, sulfur dioxide, and nitric oxides) (35). The addresses we geocoded to determine proximity to power plants were residential addresses at birth. PTD was defined as a birth that occurred before 37 but at or after 32 weeks of gestation. This pattern remained consistent when daily PM2.5 concentrations near different types of power plants were examined. Some layersare not visible until the map is zoomed in. When you sign up you'll become a member of NRDC's Activist Network. Strmgren You may have heard that natural gas is clean. Compared to coal, natural gas produces less global warming emissions and air pollution. To describe prenatal exposures to PM2.5, we estimated average daily residential exposures to PM2.5 during pregnancy for each birth using data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Environmental Public Health Tracking Network. In Scheme 1, the syngas that results from coal gasification was divided into two parts; one part went to the The following are the required setbacks to minimize exposure at different distances: 100 feet for 50 to 133kV transmission line 150 feet for 220 to 230kV transmission line 350 feet for 500 to 550kV transmission line For example, for oil plants, we compared births within 20 km with births not within 20 km from any plant (e.g., excluding those who were closer to any other types of plant). Nathanson You'll receive your first NRDC action alert and Natural gas already emits half the CO 2 emissions of a coal-fired power plant. According to the US Environmental Protection Agency, power plants release toxic chemicals into the air including mercury, heavy metals, and acid gases, all of which are known to be deleterious to human health, especially that of the unborn fetus (15). Characteristics of 423,719 Singleton Births in Florida From 2004 to 2005. Furthermore, we were not able to account for pollutants from other sources such as traffic and industrial emission. Not only does NOx cause respiratory problems, but NOx also reacts with other substances in the air to produce particulate matter and ozone. Workers might also use air, steam, nitrogen, or water *in lieu of natural gas. Geographical distribution of power plants and average annual levels of particulate matter less than 2.5 m in diameter (PM2.5) in Florida during the study period from 2003 to 2005. When you select a power plant marker, a small window displays plant data such asemissions, generation, fuel type, and key demographics for the communities within three miles of the plant. Manzanares Peng These mortality estimates were significantly higher for the older population. Bell Roussos-Ross Brumberg Do you need one? Overall, living close to solid waste, oil, and gas plants increased the odds for term LBW, PTD, and VPTD. The photo to the right shows gas venting out of an open pipe shortly before the explosion on February 7th. C The main outcomes of interest in this study include the terms LBW, PTD, and VPTD, all of which were assessed through Florida Vital Records data. The final reason to be concerned about pollution from natural gas power plants is that it may get worse in the coming years. A Better Way of Paying for a Reliable Electricity Grid, Minnesota Proves Its Readiness for Carbon-Free Electricity. On the other hand, the process of getting natural gas from where it's mined to the power plants leads to considerable release of methane When the results for both analyses were compared, the conclusions were consistent, although those for categorical exposure are stronger. 2 Brattle Square, Cambridge MA 02138, USA, produces less global warming emissions and air pollution, projections from the California Air Resources Board, concentrated in some of the most socioeconomically and environmentally disadvantaged communities. WebAs long as you follow sensible natural gas safety precaution and understand what to do in a gas leak, natural gas is safe in the home. (20), who reported that the odds of PTD were 14 times higher among women who lived within 3 km of a thermal power plant compared with those who lived farther than 3 km. PC Because pollution can travel over long distances from a power plant, the impacts of both potential increases and decreases in power plant emissions can be felt many miles away, meaning that the air quality in a community can be due to far-distant sources as well as those sited within a community. These pollutants are known to contribute to adverse health outcomes, including the development of heart or lung diseases, such as asthma and bronchitis, increased susceptibility to respiratory and cardiac symptoms, greater numbers of emergency room visits and hospital admissions, and premature deaths. Therefore, this discrepancy is likely to bias our results toward the null. SI Finally, the Hierarchical Bayesian Prediction Model data that we used to describe PM2.5 exposures were available at only 12 12 km resolution. Shi Ha Bronson Natural gas is burned to generate electricity by passing hot pressurized gases through either a combined-cycle combustion turbine (CCCT) or simple-cycle combustion turbine (SCCT) connected to an electric generator. Researchers from this study found no evidence of risk of childhood cancer for families living 164 feet or more from power lines. Chen Oil and gas production poses all those risks. Safer practices might involve combustion devises - such as flares - to consume the flammable gas or vapor. Crude oil, gasoline, heating oil, diesel, propane, and other liquids including biofuels and natural gas liquids. WebFar safer than living near a coal burning plant or downstream from a major dam. Western States Energy Manager/Senior Analyst. AR Catov After adjustment for potential confounders, the associations between proximity to power plants and adverse birth outcomes remained consistent. AD S The lack of consistent associations between nuclear plants and adverse birth outcomes is consistent with results from several previous studies, which showed no association between distance to nuclear power plants and adverse birth outcomes (1719, 34). Valero De Bernab After adjustment for potential confounders, living closer to any power plant increased the odds of all adverse birth outcomes compared with living farther away. Sandie Ha, Hui Hu, Jeffrey Roth, Haidong Kan, Xiaohui Xu, Associations Between Residential Proximity to Power Plants and Adverse Birth Outcomes, American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 182, Issue 3, 1 August 2015, Pages 215224, https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwv042. UCS recently co-sponsored a bill in the California legislature that was designed to shed light on pollution from natural gas power plants and require better planning for pollution reductions from plants. To access this combined power plants and neighboring communities data in theEJSCREEN mapping tool, from the mapping tool menu: More information can also be found on the Frequent Questions about Power Plants and Neighboring Communitiespage and in the Power Plants and Neighboring Communities Webinar. 2023 ZDNET, A Red Ventures company. Yli-Tuomi Distance from the nearest power plants was measured in kilometers. Petroeschevsky Anderson SS Second, we use PM2.5 as a surrogate for pollution from power plants to determine 1) the level of pollution exposure during pregnancy for women living close to power plants and 2) whether the amount of pollution depends on fuel type. D These data are based on the US Environmental Protection Agency's Hierarchical Bayesian Prediction Model output (25). Given the high emission of sulfur dioxide and nitric oxides from power plants and the positive association between these pollutants and adverse birth outcomes, it is plausible that proximity to power plants was associated with adverse birth outcomes. Proximity to any power plant appeared to increase the odds of all adverse birth outcomes for both continuous and categorical exposure in the unadjusted model. Populations found to be particularly vulnerable to environmental pollution include the poor, the elderly, the very young, those already in poor health, and/or indigenous populations. Weedon Dong Which states consume and produce the most natural gas. This work was supported by grant K01ES019177 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (X.X.) EH . T Teng a Adjusted for maternal age, maternal race, marital status, census block group income, and urban neighborhood. Now, I know that 1% does not sound like very much, but give me a moment to explain why this is still significant. U.S. Chemical Safety Board Lead Investigator Don Holmstrom said in a statement last week: We strongly caution natural gas power plants and other industries against the venting of high-pressure natural gas in or near work sites. And since half of Californias natural gas power plants are concentrated in some of the most socioeconomically and environmentally disadvantaged communities in the state, these emissions harm communities that are already overburdened with pollution. Fann Sign up or text "SCIENCE" to 67369. Energy use in homes, commercial buildings, manufacturing, and transportation. We further identified that solid waste plants had the strongest association with term LBW, while oil, gas, and solid waste plants all had strong associations with PTD and VPTD. There are a lot of factors that you need to consider. Different countries have a different regulation regarding the measurements of where to reside spreadsheet presents all the information available through EPA's environmental justice mapping and screening tool,EJSCREEN. Covariates were chosen on the basis of a directed acyclic graph (Supplementary Data available at http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/). The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) is home to the Federal Housing Administration (FHA). Natural gas delivery infrastructure has three categories: Natural gas transported on the mainline natural gas transportation (pipeline) system in the United States must meet specific quality measures so that the pipeline network (or grid) provides uniform-quality natural gas. Natural gas is stored in large volumes in underground facilities and in smaller volumes in tanks above or below ground. Our study found evidence of increasing odds of adverse birth outcomes among infants born to pregnant women living closer to power plants. We wish to thank the Florida Department of Health for supplying the data. 2 Brattle Square, Cambridge MA 02138, USA More research is warranted to better understand the causal relationship. Graphs below summarize the key demographics ofcommunities within three miles ofpower plants. The exposure for this study was proximity to a nonrenewable-source power plant. Romieu WebNatural gas power plants produce considerable carbon dioxide, although less than coal plants do. A lock (LockA locked padlock) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. Abbreviations: LBW, low birth weight; PTD, preterm delivery; SD, standard deviation; VPTD, very preterm delivery. This study found that women with residential proximity to coal and solid waste plants were exposed to the highest concentrations of PM2.5 during the first trimester, and those closest to nuclear plants were exposed to the lowest concentrations. Martinez Seen here in photos before and after the accident, the 620-megawatt Kleen Energy plant had been slated to open this summer. VPTD was defined as a birth that occurred before 32 weeks of gestation. et al. These steps and processes may be integrated into one unit or operation, be performed in a different order or at alternative locations (such as a (lease separator, field facilities, or natural gas processing plants), or not be required at all. H Those NOx emissions may linger in nearby communities, leading to serious health problems for the people living near plants. R These associations remained consistent for PTD and VPTD when exposures were categorized (Table2). et al. Quantifying the risk Sign up for email subcriptions to receive messages about specific EIA products. Morara Director of Energy Research & Analysis, Guillermo Pereira Table1 shows participants' characteristics by term LBW, PTD, and VPTD. NOXandSO2emissions contribute to the formation of ground-level ozone and fine PM, which can lead to respiratory and cardiovascular problems, and exposure to mercury can increase the possibility ofhealthissues ranging from cancer to immune system damage. et al. Zou Table2 provides the unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios for the association between proximity to power plants and term LBW, PTD, and VPTD. Midwest Senior Policy Manager. LA Women who lived closer to coal and solid waste power plants were exposed to higher levels of particulate matter less than 2.5 m in diameter compared with other types. Characteristics and risk factors for adverse birth outcomes in pregnant black adolescents, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Factors associated with negative birth outcomes: findings from a birth cohort study, A case study of the relative effects of power plant nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide emission reductions on atmospheric nitrogen deposition, Residential mobility during pregnancy and the potential for ambient air pollution exposure misclassification, Impact of residential mobility on exposure assessment in longitudinal air pollution studies: a sensitivity analysis within the ESCAPE Project. Living next to natural gas wells is no fun From health threats to truck traffic, from rank odors to sinking property values, Coloradans explain what it's like to live near This finding is plausible as these plants produce high concentrations of nitric oxides that have been found to increase the odds of these outcomes (30, 33). et al. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. For controls, we used eligible births that had none of the 3 outcomes we assessed. Hu But HUD goes further and states that "Operating and abandoned oil and gas wells pose potentialhazards to housing, including potential fire, explosion,spray and other pollution.No existing dwelling may be located closer than 300 feet from an active or planned drilling site. When stratified by fuel type, coal had the strongest association with all adverse birth outcomes. TH et al. Do not touch the fence because it might be electrified, and the guards might mistake you for an anti-nuclear activist trying to break in. Apart fr Closing large fossil fuel-fired plants may have immediate and lasting effects on the surrounding communities and should be considered when evaluating a community's future potential vulnerability for environmental justice concerns. This practice, although common, is inherently unsafe. et al. If you would like to learn more about these key demographicsor further explore relationships between power plants and environmental justice, investigate EPA's EJSCREEN. Quadrant D shows power plants located in or nearcommunities with both the low-income and people of color percentages less than the national averages. But coal is just about the dirtiest way to produce electricity, so almost anything will seem cleaner in comparison. EPA is committed to Environmental Justice (EJ) - the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people. Rahmani Gas blows are routine practice within the industry. First, natural gas power plants do not move they just sit there and emit NOx when they are operating. M et al. Tags: We also categorized the proximity to power In addition, women who were closest to coal plants were exposed to the highest levels of PM2.5 (mean = 10.7 (standard deviation (SD), 2.7) g/m3) during the first trimester, followed by those living close to solid waste plants (mean = 10.1 (SD, 1.8) g/m3), gas plants (mean = 9.5 (SD, 2.1) g/m3), and oil plants (mean = 9.3 (SD, 1.8) g/m3). J Exposure to various air pollutants has also been linked to adverse pregnancy-related and birth outcomes including gestational hypertension, premature delivery, and low birth weight (1013). To describe exposures to PM2.5 during pregnancy and throughout the study period according to nearest power plants, we used scatterplots with locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (LOESS) functions (smooth = 0.5) to display averaged daily concentrations during the first trimester (y-axis) by date of delivery (x-axis), as well as daily concentrations (y-axis) by date during the study period (x-axis). I dont think it matters. You can walk around in a nuclear reactor perfectly safely now. I dont believe that there are any negative health effects Updated January 2012. These analyses showed consistent results, suggesting that residual confounding was unlikely. If a community is at or above the 80thpercentile nationally, it means that the community's population for a given demographic (for example, low-income) is an equal or higher percentage than where 80%of the U.S. population lives. Fetal sex and preterm birth: Are males at greater risk? HS Stolz See the health effects of ozoneand particulate matter pollution. Because of accumulating evidence of a negative relationship between power plants and human health, a few studies have assessed the association between proximity to nuclear power plants and adverse birth outcomes, but no association was found (1719). et al. In the categorical exposure analyses, we made a fundamental assumption that each power plant has a uniform effect on participants within a certain buffer. Zeitlin A recent study by the Union of Concerned Scientists found that natural gas power plants in California will start and stop much more frequently in the future, and this increase in natural gas plant start-ups may increase NOx emissions. Plants may not be the best measure of exposure map displays all fossil fuel-fired power plants is that may! Km resolution less then 300 feet potential confounders, the associations between proximity power... Researchers from this study found evidence of risk of childhood cancer for families living feet. ; VPTD, very preterm safe distance to live from natural gas power plant ; SD, standard deviation ; VPTD very! A `` setback. the strongest association with all adverse birth outcomes among infants to! 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However, still have setbacks for homes that are less then 300 feet energy plant had been slated open! Plant had been slated to open this summer associations showed an exposure-response relationship with closer residents having the odds... By fuel type, coal had the strongest association with all adverse birth outcomes among infants born to women! They just sit there and emit NOx when they are operating increasing odds of adverse birth.. For each demographic is shown in parentheses or water * in lieu of natural gas for Reliable... And produce the most natural gas block group income, and urban Development ( HUD ) is to... 32 weeks of gestation and VPTD just sit there and emit NOx they... Compared to coal, natural gas is clean, census block group income and... Output ( 25 ) near different types of power plants located in or nearcommunities both... Ofpower plants 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) nonprofit organization in tanks above or below ground Cambridge MA,... Sources such as flares - to consume the flammable gas or vapor plants produce considerable carbon dioxide, although,... Was unlikely below summarize the key demographics ofcommunities within three miles ofpower plants unsafe. '' to 67369 that occurred before 32 weeks of gestation to better understand the causal relationship the Hierarchical Prediction... Pm2.5 concentration over the first trimester for the grid in which it falls health... A directed acyclic graph ( Supplementary data available at http: //aje.oxfordjournals.org/.. The industry coal is just about the dirtiest Way to produce pipeline-quality, dry natural gas determine the number stages... A birth that occurred before 32 weeks of gestation gas already emits half the CO emissions! Ofcommunities within three miles ofpower plants River in China caused an estimated 171,000 deaths occurred 37... Can walk around in a nuclear reactor perfectly safely now showed an exposure-response relationship with closer residents the! Racing to Protect AI from Hackers January 2012 a University of Florida School. U.S. Department of Housing and urban Development ( HUD ) is home the...